TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS DIRECT,INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

(KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG)

A.      THE MEANING OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (PENGERTIAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG)

Kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) adalah sebuah kalimat langsung yang diucapkan oleh pembicara atau kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya perubahan.

Pada dasarnya kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) disusun dari 2 bagian yaitu kata kerja yang memberitahukan ( reporting verb ) dan kata kata yang diberitaukan ( reported words )

Contoh :

Reporting verb              

My uncle said                                 

Pamanku berkata,         

  Reported words

“we will go to europe in the next summer”

 “kita akan pergi ke eropa musim panas depan”

Catatan :

Ø  Antara reporting verb dengan reported word biasanya dipisahkan dengan tanda koma ( , )

Ø  Reported words ditulis dalam tanda kutip ( “ “ )

Ø  Posisi reporting verb tidak harus selalu berada di depan, tetapi bisa juga diletakkan dibelakang setelah reported words.

Contoh :

Reported word                                                                        

“I want to share my experience to you”                        

“Aku ingin membagi pengalamanku padamu”                     

Reporting verb

said my grandfather

kata kakekku

B.      THE KINDS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( JENIS JENIS KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG

Berdasarkan reported word-nya, maka kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) dan kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu :

1.       Pernyataan ( statement )

2.       Perintah / permintaan / (imperative / command / reguest )

3.       Pernyataan ( intrrogative / question )

Berikut ini penjelasan lebih lengkapnya tentang 3 jenis kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) dan kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech )

1)      PERNYATAAN ( STATEMENT )

Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa perubahan seperti di bawah ini :

a.      Perubahan pronoun dan possessive adjective

Direct speech	Indirech speech
I You My Our Your	He / She Me / He / She / Them / I / Him / Her His / Her Their / Our My / His / Her

b.      Perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempat

Direct speech	Indirect Speech
Now Today Tomorrow Next... ...ago Yesterday The day before yesterday Here This These	Then That day The next day The day after The following day A day later The... after The following... The...before The previous... The preceeding... ...before The day before The previous day The preceeding day Two days before There That Those

c.       Perubahan tenses

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Simple present tense Present continuous tense Present perfect tense Present perfect continuous tense	Simple past tense Past continuous tense Past perfectntense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple past Past cintinuous tense Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense	Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple future Future continuous tense Future perfect tense Future perfect continuous tense	Past future tense Past future continuous tense Past future perfect tense Past future perfect continuous tense

Catatan :

Ø   Apabila kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) yang diungkapkan berkaitan dengan fakta / kebenaran umum seperti fenomena alam, maka tidak ada perubahan bentuk tenses dan tetap menggunakan pola simple present tense.

Contoh :

Ø  Direct :

-          My teacher said, “ Water boils at 100 degree celcius.”

Guruku berkata, “Air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius.”

Ø  Indirect

-          My teacher said that water boils at 100 degree celcius.

Guruku berkata bahwa air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius.

Bukan : My teacher said that water boiled at 100 degree celcius.

Ø Jika Kalimat pernyataan ( statemen ) menggunakan kata  “must” maka harus diubah menjadi “had to” untuk konteks present, dan “would have to” untuk konteks past.

Contoh :

·         Direct :

-          He said, “I must go now”.

Dia berkata, “Aku harus pergi sekarang”.

·         Indirect :

-          He said that  he had to go now

Dia berkata bahwa dia harus pergi sekarang.

Ø  Jika kalimat pernyataan (statement) menyatakan hal-hal yangbersifat kekaguman, keheranan, atau seruan(exclamation), maka ungkapan “what” atau “how” yang biasa digunakan menjadi hilang.

Contoh :

·        Direct

-          She said, “What a good football player Rooney is”

Dia berkata , “Betapa bagusnya Rooney sebagai sebagai pemain bola”

·           Indirect :

-          She said that rooney was good football player.

Dia berkata bahwa rooney adalah pemain sepakbola yang bagus.

Ø Sementara  bentuk kalimat seruan yang lain dengan tanpa menggunakan ungkapan “what” atau “now” maka perubahannya cukup mengikuti perubahan pola tenses seperti biasanya.

Contoh

·         Direct :

-          My best friend said to me, “Congratulations!”

Teman terbaikku berkata padaku, “selamat”

·           Indirect :

-          My best friend congratulations me

Teman terbaikku memberikan selamat padaku

·         Indirect :

-          They thanked us

Mereka  berterima kasih kepada kami

Ø Selanjutnya mari kita lihat beberapa contoh perubahan kalimat langsung (direct speech) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) dalam bentuk pernyataan (statement) :

·         Direct :

-          The teacher says, “ I am proud to all of the students in this school”.

Guru berkata, “Aku bangga pada semua siswa di sekolah ini”.

·         Indirect :

-          The teacher says that he is proud to all of the students in this school”.

Guru berkata bahwa dia bangga pada semua siswa di sekolah ini”.

·         Direct :

-          My brother said, “ I am doing my homework now”.

Kakakku berkata, “aku sedang mengerjakan PR ku sekarang”.

·         Indirect :

-           My brother said that he was doing his homework then”.

Kakakku berkata bahwa dia sedang mengerjakan PR nya sekarang.

·         Direct :

-          He said “ I have been listening to the radio since this morning”.

Dia berkata, “ Aku sudah sedang mendengarkan radio sejak tadi pagi”.

·         Indirect :

-          He said that he had been listening to the radio since that morning.

Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah sedang mendengarkan radio sejak tadi pagi.

·         Direct :

-          The reporter said, “ The president will take a crucial decision tomorrow”.

Reporter berkata, “ President will take a crucial decision tomorrow”.

·         Indirect :

-          The reporter said that the president would take a crucial decision the following day

Reporter berkata bahwa presiden akan mengambil keputusan krusial besok.

·         Direct :

-          My mother  said, “ These flowers come from my grandfather hometown”.

Ibuku berkata, “Bunga-bunga ini berasal dari kampung halaman kakekku”.

·         Indirect :

-          My mother said that those flowers came from her grandfather hometown.

Ibuku berkata bahwa bunga-bunga ini berasal dari kampung halaman kakeknya.

2) PERINTAH / PERMINTAAN (IMPERATIVE/COMMAND/REQUEST)

          Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat perintah/permintaan (imperative / command / request ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa hal seperti di bawah ini :

v  kalimat langsung yang menggunakan reporting verb seperti say / said atau tell/told biasanya diubah menjadi ask/asked, command/commanded, beg/begged, order/ordered. Advise / advised, suggest / suggested, atau warn /warned.

v  Untuk kalimat perintah / permintaan yang berbentuk kalimat positif maka digunakan pola “ to inifinitive ( to + V1 atau to + be + adjecttive / noun)”.

Contoh :

·                       Direct :

-            My father told me, “ Study hard “

Ayahku berkata padaku, “ belajarlah dengan giat “

·                       Indirect :

-            My father asked me study hard.

             Ayahku bekata padaku untuk belajar dengan giat.

·                       Direct :

-            My grandmother said to me, “ Be nice and generous”.

             Nenekku berkata kepadaku, “ Jadilah orang yang baik dan murah hati”.

·                       Indirect :

-            My grandmother said to me to be nice and generous”.

Nenekku berkata kepadaku untuk menjadi orang yang baik dan murah hati.

v  Untuk kalimat perintah / permintaan yang berbentuk kalimat negatif maka digunakan pola “ not + to infinitive ( to + V1 )”.

Contoh :

·                       Direct :

-            The preacher said to us, “ don’t lie “.

             Penceramah berkata kepada kami, “ jangan suka brbohong”.

·                       Indirect :

-            The preacher commanded us not lie.

             Penceramah memerintahkan kami untuk tidak suka berbohong.

·                       Direct :

-            My father said to my brother, “ don’t be lazy “

            Ayahku berkata pada saudara laki-lakiku, “ jangan malas “.

·                       Indirect :

  -            My father said to my brother not to be lazy.

               Ayahku berkata pada saudara laki-lakiku agar jangan malas.

v  Untuk kalimat yang bersifat ajakan yang biasanya menggunakan kata “ Let’s “ maka kata “ Let’s “ tersebut dihilangkan.

           Contoh :

·                       Direct :

-            He said, “ Let’s go to the beach!”.

Dia berkata, “ mari kita pergi ke pantai “

·                       Indirect :

-            He suggested that we should go to the beach.

Dia menyanrankan agar kita pergi ke pantai.

Atau bisa juga dengan pola dibawah ini :

·                       Indirect :

-            He suggested going to the beach.

Dia menyarankan pergi ke pantai.

3) PERNYATAAN ( INTERROGATIVE / QUESTION )

      Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat pernyataan ( interrogative / question ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa hal seperti dibawah ini :

v  Untuk pernyataan yang menggunakan pola “ 5W=1H ” ( what, who, where, when, why, how ) maka pola tersebut tetap dipakai, dan selanjutnya susunan kalimat tanya diubah menjadi kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) sesuai dengan perubahan pola tenses yang berlaku.

                    Contoh :

·                       Direct :

-            The boy asks me, “ what is your name? “

Anak laki-laki itu bertnya kepada ku, “ siapa namamu? “.

·                       Indirect :

-            The boy asked me what my name was.

Anak laki-laki itu bertanya siapakah namaku.

·                       Direct :

-            He said, “ What did you do last night? “.

Dia berkata, “ Apa yang kamu kerjakan semalam? ”.

·                       Indirect :

-            He asked what I had done the night before.

Dia bertanya apa yang telah aku kerjakan semalam.

·                       Direct :

-            They asked, “ Where have you been? ”.

Mereka bertanya, “ Dari mana saja kamu? “.

·                       Indirect :

-            They asked where I had been.

Mereka bertanya dari mana saja kamu.

v Untuk pertanyaan menggunakan pola “ Yes or No “ ( tanpa 5W+1H ) maka digunakan kata “If” atau “ Whether ”, dan selanjutnya susunan kalimat tanya diubah menjadi kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) sesuai dengan perubahan pola tenses yang berlaku.

Contoh :

·                       Direct :

-            I asked my nephew, “ Are you happy? ”.

Aku bertanya pada keponakan laki-lakiku, “ apakah kamu gembira? “.

·                       Indirect :

-            I asked my nephew wheather he was happy.

Aku bertanya pada keponakan laki-lakiku apakah dia gembira.

·                       Direct :

-            Carlos asked me, “ Do you know this address?”.

Carlos bertanya padaku, “ Apakah kamu tahu alamat ini? “.

·                       Indirect :

-            Carlos asked me if I knew that address.

Carlos bertanya padaku apakah aku tahu alamat itu.

·                       Direct :

-            I asked her, “ Will you join the english debate club? “.

Aku bertanya kepadanya, “ Apakah kamu akan bergabung dengan klub debat bahasa inggris? “.

·                       Indirect :

-            I asked her whether she would join the English Debate club.

Aku bertanya padanya apakah dia akan bergabung dengan klub debat bahasa inggris.

CONTOH SOAL

1.       Teacher Said “Water boils at 100 degree celcius” (General Truth)

A.      My teacher said water was boils at 100 degree celcius

B.      My teacher said water boils at 100 degree celcius (General Truth)

C.      My teacher said water is boiling at 100 degree celcius

2.       Riza said “Edom watchs football match” (Simple Present Tense)

A.      He said Edom watched football match (Simple Past Tense)

B.      He said edom is watching football match

C.      He said edom watchs football match

3.       Riza told me “You buy a english book” (Simple Present Tense)

A.      Riza told me He bought a english book (Simple Past Tense)

B.      He told me He buys a english book

C.      He told me He is buying a english book

4.       Edom said “You take my english book” (Simple Present Tense)

A.      Edom said you take my english book

B.      Edom said she took my english book (Simple Past Tense)

C.      Edom said she take my english book

5.       “He is listening a music” (Simple Continous Tense)

A.      He was listening a music (Past Continous Tense)

B.      He listens a music

C.      He is listening a music

6.       “I am buying a english book in Gramedia” (Simple Continous Tense)

A.      He buy a english book in Gramedia

B.      He is buying a english book in Gramedia

C.      He was buying a english book in Gramedia (Past Continous Tense)

7.       “You are sleeping in badroom” (Simple Continous Tense)

A.      He is sleeping in badroom

B.      He was sleeping in badroom (Past Continous Tense)

C.      He sleeps in badroom

8.       “I am washing my car” (Simple Continous Tense)

A.      He was washing his car (Past Continous Tense)

B.      He washs his car

C.      He is washing his car

9.       “Edom played football” (Simple Past Tense)

A.      Edom plays football

B.      Edom is playing football

C.      Edom had played football (Past Perfect Tense)

10.   “Riza bought a cake.” (Simple Past Tense)

A.      He is buying a cake

B.      He had bought a cake (Past Perfect Tense)

C.      He buys a cake

11.   “My mother bought a jewellery.” (Simple Past Tense)

A.      Her mother had bought a jewellry (Past Perfect Tense)

B.      Her mother bought a jewellry

C.      Her mother is buying a jewellry

12.   “My Father have watched football match.” (Simple Past Tense)

A.      Her Father watchs football match

B.      Her Father is watching football match

C.      Her Father had watched football match (Past Perfect Tense)

13.   “My sister was reading a novel.” (Past Continous Tense)

A.      Her sister had been reading a novel (Perfect Continous Tense)

B.      Her sister reads a novel

C.      Her sister had read a novel

14.   “My brother was inviting to the party.” (Past Continous Tense)

A.      Her brother was invited to the party

B.      Her brother is inviting to the party

C.      Her brother had been invited to the party (Perfect Continous Tense)

15.   “My sister was reading english book.” (Past Continous Tense)

A.      Her sister had read english book

B.      Her sister had been read english book (Perfect Continous Tense)

C.      Her sister reads english book

16.   “You will watch my football match.” (Simple Future Tense)

A.      She would watch his football match (Past Future Tense)

B.      She will watch his football match

C.      She is watchs his football match

17.   “I will write a letter.” (Simple Future Tense)

A.      She is writing a letter

B.      She would write a letter (Simple Past Future Tense)

C.      She writes a letter

18.   “You will play for my club.” (Simple Future Tense)

A.      He plays for his club

B.      He is playing for his clun

C.      He would play for his club (Simple Past Future Tense)

19.   “I will dance for my hobby.” (Simple Future Tense)

A.      I would dance for my hobby

B.      She would dance for her hobby (Simple Past Future Tense)

C.      She is dancing for her hobby

20.   “He will be playing hard for this match.” (Future Continous Tense)

A.      He would have been playing hard for this match (Past Continous Tense)

B.      He would had been playing hard for this match

C.      He is playing hard for this match